Thursday, November 4, 2010

ဓမၼပဒ Dhammapada, 法句 ေကာက္ႏႈတ္ခ်က္မ်ား (၁၄)


၁၃။ ေလာက၀ဂၢ Lokavaggo 世間品

၁၆၇။ ဟီနံ ဓမၼံ န ေသေ၀ယ်၊ ပမာေဒန န သံ၀ေသ။
မိစၧာဒိ႒ႎ န ေသေ၀ယ်၊ န သိယာ ေလာက၀ၯုေနာ။

၁၆၇။ ကာမဂုဏ္ အယုတ္တရားကို မမွီ၀ဲရာ၊ ေမ့ေမ့ ေလ်ာ့ေလ်ာ့ မေနရာ၊ မွားေသာအယူကို မယူရာ၊ ေလာက ႀကီးပြားေရးအတြက္ သက္သက္မျဖစ္ရာ။

167. One should not live in lowly quality life (sensualities), one should not live on heedlessness, one should not act on wrong views, and one should not sink into the world.

၁၆၈။ ဥတၱိေ႒ နပၸမေဇၨယ်၊ ဓမၼံ သုစရိတံ စေရ။
ဓမၼစာရီ သုခံ ေသတိ၊ အသၼႎ ေလာေက ပရမွိ စ။

၁၆၉။ ဓမၼံ စေရ သုစရိတံ၊ န နံ ဒုစၥရိတံ စေရ။
ဓမၼစာရီ သုခံ ေသတိ၊ အသၼႎ ေလာေက ပရမွိ စ။

၁၆၈။ ဆြမ္းခံ၀တ္၌ မေမ့ေလ်ာ့ရာ၊ ေကာင္းစြာ က်င့္အပ္ေသာ အက်င့္တရားကို က်င့္ရာ၏၊ တရားကိုက်င့္ေသာသူသည္ ဤေလာက၌လည္းေကာင္း၊ တမလြန္ေလာက၌ လည္းေကာင္း ခ်မ္းသာစြာ ေနရ၏။

၁၆၉။ သုစ႐ုိက္တရားကို က်င့္ရာ၏၊ ဒုစ႐ုိက္တရားကို မက်င့္ရာ၊ တရားကို က်င့္ေသာသူသည္ ဤေလာက၌ လည္းေကာင္း၊ တမလြန္ေလာက၌လည္းေကာင္း ခ်မ္းသာစြာ ေနရ၏။

168. One should be attentive in standing for alms, follow Dhamma, which is good conduct. One, who lives with Dhamma, has joy in this world and in the next.

169. One should follow Dhamma which is good conduct, not which is poor conduct. One who lives with Dhamma has joy in this world and in the next.

167 Hinam dhammam na seveyya,
  pamadena na samvase;
  micchaditthim na seveyya,
  na siya lokavaddhano.

  [Hinam下劣(陽單業格, a.)] [dhammam(陽單業格)] [na] [seveyya親近(3opt.)],
  [pamadena放逸(陽單具格)] na [samvase一起滯留(3opt.)];
  [micchaditthim邪見解(陰單業格)] na seveyya,
  na [siya存在(3opt.)] [loka世間][vaddhano使...增長(陽單主格, a.)].

  不應親近下劣的法[1],不應與放逸一起滯留;不應親近邪見解,使世間增長者不應存在。

168~169

168 Uttitthe nappamajjeyya,
  dhammam sucaritam care.
  Dhammacari sukham seti,
  asmim loke paramhi ca.

  [Uttitthe奮起(2opt.)] [na]p[pamajjeyya放逸(2opt.)],
  [dhammam(陽單業格)] [sucaritam善行(陽單業格, pp.)] [care(2opt.)].
  [Dhammacari行於法(陽單主格, a.)] [sukham(中單業格)] [seti(3)],
  [asmim(陽單處格)] [loke世間(陽單處格)] [paramhi下一(陽單處格, a.)] [ca].

  你應奮起、不應放逸,應行已被善行的法。行於法者,在此世間及在下一[世間]臥樂。

169 Dhammam care sucaritam,
  na nam duccaritam care.
  Dhammacari sukham seti,
  asmim loke paramhi ca.

  [Dhammam(陽單業格)] [care(2opt.)] [sucaritam善行(陽單業格, pp.)],
  [na] [nam那個(陽單業格)] [duccaritam惡行(陽單業格, pp.)] care.
  [Dhammacari行於法(陽單主格, a.)] [sukham(中單業格)] [seti(3)],
  [asmim(陽單處格)] [loke世間(陽單處格)] [paramhi下一(陽單處格, a.)] [ca]. (cp. Dh168)

  你應行已被善行的法,不應行已被惡行的那個[]。行於法者,在此世間及在下一[世間]臥樂。



[1] 下劣的法 DhAhinam dhammanti pabcakamagunam dhammam.(「下劣的法」:五種欲的法)

၁၇၀။ ယထာ ပုဗၺဳဠကံ ပေႆ၊ ယထာ ပေႆ မရီစိကံ။
ဧ၀ံ ေလာကံ အေ၀ကၡႏၲံ၊ မစၥဳရာဇာ န ပႆတိ။

၁၇၀။ ေရပြက္ကို ႐ႈျမင္ရသကဲ့သို႔လည္းေကာင္း၊ တံလွ်ပ္ကို ႐ႈျမင္ရသကဲ့သို႔ လည္းေကာင္း ဤအတူ ခႏၶာငါးပါး ဟူေသာ ေလာကကို ႐ႈၾကည့္သူကို ေသမင္းသည္မျမင္ႏုိင္။

170. One who looks the world as a bubble, as a mirage, so also sees the body, the assemblage of five aggregates as an illusion of an appearance; the King of Death has no power over that person.

၁၇၁။ ဧထ ပႆထိမံ ေလာကံ၊ စိတၱံ ရာဇရထူပမံ။
ယတၳ ဗာလာ ၀ိသီဒႏၲိ၊ နတၳိ သေဂၤါ ၀ိဇာနတံ။

၁၇၁။ လာၾကကုန္ေလာ့ ရတနာခုနစ္ပါးျဖင့္ ဆန္းၾကယ္ေသာ မင္းစီးရထားလွ်င္ ဥပမာ႐ွိေသာ အ၀တ္တန္ဆာတို႔ျဖင့္ ဆန္းၾကယ္ေသာ ဤခႏၶာငါးပါးတည္းဟူေသာ ေလာကကို႐ႈၾကကုန္ေလာ့၊ ယင္းေလာက၌ မိုက္သူတုိ႔သည္ နစ္ျမဳပ္ၾကကုန္၏၊ ပညာ႐ွိတို႔အား ကပ္ျငိတြယ္တာမႈသည္မ႐ွိ။

171. Come and look at this world (five aggregates), like a decorated royal chariot, wherein fools sink in it. The wise have no attachment to it.

170 Yatha bubbulakam passe,
  yatha passe maricikam;
  evam lokam avekkhantam,
  maccuraja na passati.

  [Yatha(adv.)] [bubbulakam泡沫(陽單業格)] [passe看到(3opt.)],
  yatha passe [maricikam海市蜃(ㄕㄣˋ)(陰單業格)];
  [evam如是] [lokam世間(陽單業格)] [avekkhantam觀察(陽單業格, ppr.)],
  [maccuraja死天之王(陽單主格)] [na passati看不到(3)].

  他能看到像泡沫,能看到像海市蜃樓;死天之王看不到如是正在觀察世間者。

171 Etha passath’imam lokam,
  cittam rajarathupamam;
  yattha bala visidanti,
  natthi savgo vijanatam.

  [Etha(2imp.)] [passath’(2imp.)][imam(陽單業格)] [lokam世間(陽單業格)],
  [cittam彩繪(陽單業格, a.)] [rajarath王車][ūpamam譬如(陽單業格, a.)];
  [yattha在此(adv.)] [bala無知者(陽複主格)] [visidanti擴大沈陷(3)],
  [natthi不存在(3)] [savgo執著(陽單主格)] [vijanatam擴大知(陽複屬格, ppr.)].

  請你們來看此世間,譬如彩繪的王車:諸無知者在此擴大沈陷;諸正在擴大知者的執著不存在。

၁၇၂။ ေယာ စ ပုေဗၺ ပမဇၨိတြာ၊ ပစၧာ ေသာ နပၸမဇၨကိ။
ေသာမံ ေလာကံ ပဘာေသတိ၊ အဗၻာ မုေတၱာ၀ စႏၵိမာ။


၁၇၂။ ေ႐ွးငယ္စဥ္အခါက ကုသိုလ္၌ ေမ့ေလ်ာ့ခဲ့၍ ေနာင္ၾကီးျပင္းေသာအခါ၌ မေမ့ေလ်ာ့ေသာသူသည္ တိမ္တိုက္မွလြတ္ေသာ လကဲ့သို႔ ဤေလာကကို မဂ္ဉာဏ္ေရာင္ျဖင့္ ထြန္းလင္း ေတာက္ပေစ၏။

172. One who was unwise and negligent in early days but later found wisdom, brightens up this world like that of the moon when free from clouds.

၁၇၃။ ယႆ ပါပံ ကတံ ကမၼံ၊ ကုသေလန ပိဓီယတိ။
ေသာမံ ေလာကံ ပဘာေသတိ၊ အဗၻာ မုေတၱာ၀ စႏၵိမာ။


၁၇၃။ မိမိျပဳခဲ့ေသာမေကာင္းမႈ အကုသိုလ္ကံကို အရဟတၱမဂ္ကုသိုလ္ျဖင့္ ဖံုးအုပ္သူသည္ တိမ္တိုက္မွလြတ္ေသာ လကဲ့သို႔ ဤေလာကကို အရဟတၱဉာဏ္ေရာင္ျဖင့္ ထြန္းလင္းေတာက္ပေစ၏။

173. One who uses good deeds to cover misdeeds he has done before, brightens up this world like that of the moon when free from clouds.

172 Yo ca pubbe pamajjitva,
  paccha so nappamajjati;
  so ’mam lokam pabhaseti,
  abbha mutto va candima.

  [Yo凡是(陽單主格, rp.)] [ca但是] [pubbe在以前(adv.)] [pamajjitva放逸(ger.)],
  [paccha以後(adv.)] [so(陽單主格)] [na]p[pamajjati放逸(3)];
  [so(陽單主格)] [’mam(陽單業格, =imam)] [lokam世間(陽單業格)] [pabhaseti照耀(3)],
  [abbha(中單從格)] [mutto釋放(陽單主格, pp.)] [va] [candima(陽單主格)]. (cf. M ii104)

  但是凡是在以前放逸後,以後他不放逸;他照耀此世間,如月從雲已被釋放。

173 Yassa papam katam kammam,
  kusalena pithiyati,

  so ’mam lokam pabhaseti,
  abbha mutto va candima.

  [Yassa(陽單屬格, rp.)] [papam(中單主格, a.)] [katam(中單主格, pp.)] [kammam(中單主格)],
  [kusalena(中單具格, a.)] [pithiyati被覆蓋(3)],

  [so(陽單主格)] [’mam(陽單業格, =imam)] [lokam世間(陽單業格)] [pabhaseti照耀(3)],
  [abbha(中單從格)] [mutto釋放(陽單主格, pp.)] [va] [candima(陽單主格)]. (cp. Dh172) (cf. M ii104)

  他的已被作的惡業,被善[]覆蓋;他照耀此世間,如月從雲已被釋放。

၁၇၄။ အႏၶဘူေတာ အယံ ေလာေကာ၊ တႏုေကတၳ ၀ိပႆတိ။
သကုေဏာ ဇာလမုေတၱာ၀၊ အေပၸါ သဂၢါယ ဂစၧတိ။

၁၇၄။ ဤလူအေပါင္းသည္ ပညာမ်က္ေစ့မ႐ွိသျဖင့္ အကန္းအတိသာ ျဖစ္၏။ ဤေလာက၌ အနည္းငယ္ မွ်ေသာသူသည္သာ အနိစၥစေသာ သေဘာအားျဖင့္ ႐ႈျမင္ႏုိင္၏။ ပိုက္ကြန္မွလြတ္ေသာ ငွက္သည္ နည္းပါးသကဲ့သို႔ လူအနည္းငယ္မွ်သာ နတ္ရြာနိဗၺာန္သို႔ ေရာက္ႏုိင္၏။

174. Most of the people in the world are blind and only few here can see insightfully. Just as only few birds can escape from a net, only a few can go to heaven (Deva planes) (the Nibbana).

၁၇၅။ ဟံသာဒိစၥပေထ ယႏၲိ၊ အာကာေသ ယႏၲိ ဣဒၶိယာ။
နီယႏၲိ ဓီရာ ေလာကမွာ၊ ေဇတြာ မာရံ သ၀ါဟိနႎ။

၁၇၅။ ဟသၤာတို႔သည္ ေနမင္းလမ္းေၾကာင္း ေကာင္းကင္ခရီး၌ သြားကုန္၏၊ တန္ခိုး႐ွင္တို႔သည္ ေကာင္းကင္၌ သြားကုန္၏၊ ပညာ႐ွိတို႔သည္ စစ္သည္ဗိုလ္ပါႏွင့္တကြေသာ မာရ္မင္းကိုေအာင္၍ ေလာကမွ ထြက္ေျမာက္ကုန္၏။

175. Swans go along the path of the sun. Persons with miraculous power travel through space. The wise are led out of the world, having conquered bedevilments of Mara and his armies.

174 Andhabhuto ayam loko,
  tanuk’ettha vipassati;
  sakunto jalamutto va,
  appo saggaya gacchati.

  [Andhabhūto變成盲目(陽單主格, pp.)] [ayam(陽單主格)] [loko世間(陽單主格)],
  [tanuk’稀少(陽單主格, a.)] [ettha在此處] [vipassati擴大看(3)];
  [sakunto(陽單主格)] [jala][mutto釋放(陽單主格, pp.)] [va],
  [appo少量(陽單主格, a.)] [saggaya天界(陽單與格)] [gacchati(3)].

  此世間已變成盲目,稀少的[]在此處擴大看[1];如鳥從網已被釋放,少量的[]對天界去。

175 Hams’adiccapathe yanti,
  akase yanti iddhiya;
  niyanti dhira lokamha,
  jetva Maram savahinim.

  [Hams’天鵝(陽複主格)][adicca太陽][pathe道路(陽單處格)] [yanti行走(3)],
  [akase虛空(陽單處格)] yanti [iddhiya神通(陰單具格)];
  [niyanti被引導(3)] [dhira賢明者(陽複主格)] [lokamha世間(陽單從格)],
  [jetva勝過(ger.)] [Maram魔羅(陽單業格)] [sa自己的][vahinim軍隊(陰單業格)].

  諸天鵝在太陽的道路行走;[諸神通者]以神通在虛空中行走[2];勝過魔羅、自己的軍隊後,諸賢明者從世間被引導。



[1] 擴大看 vipassati(vi擴大+passati) (參見Dh40的註腳)

[2] 參見D.2.沙門本色的果經:「在虛空中亦以跏趺走,猶如有翼的鳥。」 (D i78)

၁၇၆။ ဧကံ ဓမၼံ အတီတႆ၊ မုသာ၀ါဒိႆ ဇႏၲဳေနာ။
၀ိတိဏၰပရေလာကႆ၊ နတၳိ ပါပံ အကာရိယံ။

၁၇၆။ သစၥာတရားတစ္ခုကိုလြန္၍ မုသားစကားကိုဆိုေလ့႐ွိေသာ ေနာင္ဘ၀အတြက္ ဆင္ျခင္စဥ္းစားျခင္း အလ်င္း မ႐ွိေသာသူအား မျပဳႏုိင္မည့္ မေကာင္းမႈအကုသိုလ္ မည္သည္မ႐ွိ။

176. One who usually breaks his own precepts, who speaks falsehood, who has turned the back on the world beyond, will not refrain from any misdeeds.

၁၇၇။ န ေ၀ ကဒရိယာ ေဒ၀ေလာကံ ၀ဇႏၲိ၊ ဗာလာ ဟေ၀ နပၸသံသႏၲိ ဒါနံ။
ဓီေရာ စ ဒါနံ အႏုေမာဒမာေနာ၊ ေတေန၀ ေသာ ေဟာတိ သုခီ ပရတၳ။

၁၇၇။ ေစးနဲ၀န္တိုသူတို႔သည္ နတ္ျပည္သို႔မေရာက္ႏုိင္ၾကကုန္၊ လူမိုက္တို႔သည္ အလွဴဒါနကို မခ်ီးမြမ္းၾကကုန္၊ ပညာ႐ွိသည္သာ အလွဴဒါနကို ၀မ္းေျမာက္ႏုိင္၏၊ ထို ၀မ္းေျမာက္မႈေၾကာင့္သာလွ်င္ ထိုပညာ႐ွိသည္ တမလြန္ဘ၀၌ ခ်မ္းသာရ၏။

177. The misers do not go to heaven (Deva plane). The foolish do not applaud giving charity, but the noble find joy in giving; hence indeed, it becomes blessed in higher worlds.

176 Ekam dhammam atitassa,
  musavadissa jantuno;
  vitinnaparalokassa,
  natthi papam akariyam.

  [Ekam dhammam一法(陽單業格)] [atitassa違犯(陽單與格, pp.)],
  [musavadissa妄語(陽單與格, a.)] [jantuno(陽單與格)];
  [vitinna擴大渡(pp.)][paralokassa下一世間(陽單屬格)],
  [natthi不存在(3)] [papam(中單主格)] [akariyam不作(中單主格, grd.)].

  對已違犯一法[1]、妄語、已擴大渡下一世間的人,不能作的惡不存在。

177 Na ve kadariya devalokam vajanti,
  bala have nappasamsanti danam.
  Dhiro ca danam anumodamano,
  ten’eva so hoti sukhi parattha.

  [Na] [ve確實] [kadariya吝嗇(陽複主格, a.)] [devalokam天的世間(陽單業格)] [vajanti遊行到(3)],
  [bala無知者(陽複主格)] [have嘿!確實] [na]p[pasamsanti稱讚(3)] [danam贈與(中單業格)].
  [Dhiro賢明者(陽單主格)] [ca但是] danam [anumodamano隨欣喜(陽單主格, ppr.)],
  [ten’(中單具格)] [eva如此] [so(陽單主格)] [hoti變成(3)] [sukhi(陽單主格, a.)] [parattha在下一處(adv.)].

  諸吝嗇者確實不遊行到天的世間;嘿!諸無知者確實不稱讚贈與。但是正在隨欣喜贈與的賢明者,他如此因它在下一處變成樂者。



[1] 一法(Ekam dhammam):獨一無二、真實的法。

၁၇၈။ ပထဗ်ာ ဧကရေဇၨန၊ သဂၢႆ ဂမေနန ၀ါ။
သဗၺေလာကာဓိပေစၥန၊ ေသာတာပတၱိဖလံ ၀ရံ။

၁၇၈။ ေျမတျပင္လံုး၌ ဧကရာဇ္မင္းျဖစ္ရသည္ထက္ လည္းေကာင္း၊ နတ္ျပည္ ျဗဟၼာ့ျပည္သို႔ ေရာက္ရသည္ထက္ လည္းေကာင္း၊ တစ္ေလာကလံုးကို အစိုးရသည္ထက္ လည္းေကာင္း ေသာတာပန္ျဖစ္ရျခင္းသည္ ျမတ္၏။

178. It is better to be the Fruit of the Stream Attainment (Sotapatti-magga), the initial stage of Buddhist realization that leads to Nibbana, than sole sovereignty over the earth, or the journey to heaven, than the lordship supreme over the worlds.

178 Pathabya ekarajjena,
  saggassa gamanena va,
  sabbalokadhipaccena,
  sotapattiphalam varam.

  [Pathabya(陽單從格)] [eka][rajjena王權(中單具格)],
  [saggassa天界(陽單屬格)] [gamanena去到(中單具格)] [va],
  [sabba一切][lok世間][adhipaccena主權(中單具格)],
  [sotapattiphalam(ㄒㄧㄥˊ)向流的果(中單主格)] [varam最好(中單主格, a.)].

  從地與一王權[比較],或與去到天界[比較],與一切世間的主權[比較]行向流的果[1]最好。



[1] (ㄒㄧㄥˊ)向流的果 他譯:預流果。