Sunday, September 26, 2010

ဓမၼပဒ Dhammapada, 法句 ေကာက္ႏႈတ္ခ်က္မ်ား (၈)



7 အရဟႏၱ၀ဂၢ Arahantavaggo 阿羅漢品

၉၀။ ဂတဒၶိေနာ ၀ိေသာကႆ၊ ၀ိပၸမုတၱႆ သဗၺဓိ။
သဗၺဂႏၴပၸဟီနႆ၊ ပရိဠာေဟာ န ၀ိဇၨတိ။

၉၀။ စိုးရိမ္ကင္းေသာ အလံုးစံုေသာ (ခႏၶာစသည့္)တရားတို႔မွ လြတ္ေျမာက္ေသာ အလံုးစံု အထံုးအဖြဲ႔ကို ပယ္ျပီးေသာ သံသရာ ခရီးသြားျပီးေသာ (ရဟႏၲာ) ပုဂၢိဳလ္အား ပူပန္မႈ မ႐ွိေတာ့ေခ်။

90. For the one who has completed the journey of rebirths, left sorrow behind, is free in all circumstances, and liberated from all bondage, has no more worries of life.

၉၁။ ဥယ်ဳဥၨႏၲိ သတီမေႏၲာ၊ န နိေကေတ ရမႏၲိ ေတ။
ဟံသာ၀ ပလ’လံ ဟိတြာ၊ ၾသကေမာကံ ဇဟႏၲိ ေတ။

၉၁။ သတိရွိေသာပုဂၢဳိလ္တို႔သည္ (စ်ာန္၀ိပႆနာတို႔၌) လံု႔လျပဳၾကကုန္၏၊ ထိုပုဂၢဳိလ္တို႔သည္ တည္ရာ ကာမဂုဏ္၌ မေမြ႔ေလ်ာ္ၾကကုန္၊ ဟသၤာငွက္တို႔သည္ (က်က္စားရာ) ရႊ႔ံညြန္အိုင္ကို စြန္႔ခြာလ်က္ ပ်ံသြားသကဲ့သို႔ မွီရာ တဏွာ ဟူသမွ်ကို စြန္႔၍သြားကုန္၏။

91. The mindful persons gird up themselves. They do not relish attachment. Like swans that leave their lake, they abandon one attachment after another.

90 Gataddhino visokassa,
  vippamuttassa sabbadhi;
  sabbaganthappahinassa,
  parilaho na vijjati.

  [Gataddhino旅行已完畢(陽單屬格, a.)] [visokassa離悲傷(陽單屬格, a.)],
  [vippamuttassa擴大釋放出(陽單屬格, pp.)] [sabbadhi在一切處(adv.)];
  [sabba一切][gantha繫縛]p[pahinassa徹底捨棄(陽單屬格, pp.)],
  [parilaho遍燒(陽單主格)] [na] [vijjati被知(3)].

  旅行已完畢者、離悲傷者、在一切處已被擴大釋放出者、已徹底捨棄一切繫縛者的遍燒,不被知。

91 Uyyuñjanti satimanto,
  na nikete ramanti te;
  hamsa va pallalam hitva,
  okamokam jahanti te.

  [Uyyuñjanti離開(3)] [satimanto具念(陽複主格, a.)],
  [na] [nikete家屋(陽單處格)] [ramanti喜樂(3)] [te他們(陽複主格)];
  [hamsa天鵝(陽複主格)] [va] [pallalam沼澤(中單業格)] [hitva捨棄(ger.)],
  [okam住處(中單業格)][okam住處(中單業格)] [jahanti捨棄(3)] te.

  具念的他們離開,不喜樂在家屋;如諸天鵝捨棄沼澤後,他們捨棄一住處又一住處。

၉၂။ ေယသံ သႏၷိစေယာ နတၳိ၊ ေယ ပရိညာတေဘာဇနာ။
သုညေတာ အနိမိေတၱာ စ၊ ၀ိေမာေကၡာ ေယသံ ေဂါစေရာ။
အာကာေသ၀ သကုႏၲာနံ၊ ဂတိ ေတသံ ဒုရႏၷယာ။


၉၂။ အၾကင္ရဟႏၲာပုဂၢဳိလ္တို႔အား သိုမွီးသိမ္းဆည္းျခင္းသည္မ႐ွိ၊ အၾကင္ရဟႏၲာတို႔သည္ ပရိညာဥ္သံုးပါးျဖင့္ ပိုင္းျခားလ်က္ ခဲဖြယ္ေဘာဇဥ္ကို သံုးေဆာင္ကုန္၏၊ ရာဂစသည္ ကင္းစိတ္လ်က္ ရာဂစေသာ နိမိတ္မ႐ွိေသာ နိဗၺာန္သည္ အၾကင္ရဟႏၲာပုဂၢဳိလ္၏ က်က္စားရာအာ႐ုံ ျဖစ္၏၊ ေကာင္းကင္၌ ငွက္တို႔၏သြားရာလမ္းေၾကာင္းကို သိႏုိင္ခဲသကဲ့သို႔ ထိုရဟႏၲာပုဂၢဳိလ္တုိ႔၏ သြားရာကို သိႏုိင္ခဲ၏။

92. The venerable Arahants who have laid up no storage, who live on recognized food, with perfect knowledge, whose sphere is emptiness and liberation, are hard to track, like birds in the sky where there is no track.

၉၃။ ယႆာသ၀ါ ပရိကၡီဏာ၊ အာဟာေရ စ အနိႆိေတာ။
သုညေတာ အနိမိေတၱာ စ၊ ၀ိေမာေကၡာ ယႆ ေဂါစေရာ။
အာကာေသ၀ သကုႏၲာနံ၊ ပဒံ တႆ ဒုရႏၷယံ။


၉၃။ အၾကင္ပုဂၢဳိလ္တို႔အား အာသေ၀ါကုန္ခန္း၏၊ အစာအဟာရ၌လည္း (တဏွာဒိ႒ိျဖင့္) စြဲမွီျခင္း မ႐ွိ၊ ရာဂစသည္ ဆိတ္သုန္းေသာ ရာဂစေသာ နိမိတ္မ႐ွိေသာ နိဗၺာန္သည္ အၾကင္ရဟႏၲာ ပုဂၢဳိလ္၏ က်က္စားရာအာ႐ုံျဖစ္၏၊ ေကာင္းကင္၌ငွက္တို႔၏ ေျခရာကို မသိႏုိင္သကဲ့သို႔ ထိုရဟႏၲာပုဂၢဳိလ္၏ ေျခရာဟူေသာလမ္းေၾကာင္းကို မသိႏုိင္။

93. The venerable Arahants whose compulsions are gone, who have no passions on food, whose sphere is emptiness, signlessness, and liberation, are hard to track, like birds whose tracks are unknown in the sky.

92 Yesam sannicayo natthi,
  ye pariññatabhojana.
  Suññato animitto ca,
  vimokkho yesam gocaro,
  akase va sakuntanam,
  gati tesam durannaya.

  [Yesam他們(陽複屬格, rp.)] [sannicayo完全積蓄(陽單主格)] [natthi不存在(3)],
  [ye凡是(陽複主格, rp.)] {[pariññata遍知(pp.)][bhojana食物](陽複主格, a.)}.
  [Suññato由於空(陽單主格, a.)] [animitto無相(陽單主格, a.)] [ca],
  [vimokkho釋放開(陽單主格)] yesam [gocaro行境(陽單主格)],
  [akase虛空(陽單處格)] [va] [sakuntanam(陽複屬格)],
  [gati去處(陰單主格)] [tesam他們(陽複屬格)] [durannaya難隨之而去(陰單主格, a.)].

  凡是諸已遍知食物者,他們的完全積蓄[1]不存在,他們的行境[]由於空的及無相的[2]釋放開;如諸鳥在虛空中,他們的去處難隨之而去。

93 Yass’asava parikkhina,
  ahare ca anissito;
  suññato animitto ca,
  vimokkho yassa gocaro,
  akase va sakuntanam,
  padam tassa durannayam.

  [Yass’(陽單屬格, rp.)][asava流向(陽複主格)] [parikkhina被遍滅盡(陽複主格, pp.)],
  [ahare食物(陽單處格)] [ca並且] [anissito未投靠(陽單主格, pp.)];
  [suññato由於空(陽單主格, a.)] [animitto無相(陽單主格, a.)] [ca],
  [vimokkho釋放開(陽單主格)] [yassa(陽單屬格, rp.)] [gocaro行境(陽單主格)],
  [akase虛空(陽單處格)] [va] [sakuntanam(陽複屬格)], (cp. Dh92)
  [padam足跡(中單主格)] [tassa(陽單屬格)] [durannayam難隨之而去(中單主格, a.)].

  他的諸流向已被遍滅盡,並且在食物之中未投靠[3],他的行境[]由於空的及無相的釋放開,如諸鳥的[行境]在虛空中,他的足跡難隨之而去。


[1] 完全積蓄 DhATattha sannicayoti dve sannicaya– kammasannicayo ca, paccayasannicayo ca. Tesu kusalakusalakammam kammasannicayo nama, cattaro paccaya paccayasannicayo nama.(「完全積蓄」:有兩種:一、完全積蓄業。二、完全積蓄資具。在它們善業、不善業,名叫完全積蓄業;四資具名叫完全積蓄資具。)

[2] 由於空 suññata((中單從格)) a.

 無相的 animitta(a+nimitta) a.

[3] 並且在食物之中未投靠 DhAAhare ca anissitoti aharasmibca tanhaditthinissayehi anissito.(「並且在食物之中未投靠」:並且在食物之中,未以投靠渴愛、見解,投靠。)

၉၄။ ယႆိႁႏၵိယာနိ သမထဂၤတာနိ၊ အႆာ ယထာ သာရထိနာ သုဒႏၲာ။
ပဟီနမာနႆ အနာသ၀ႆ၊ ေဒ၀ါပိ တႆ ပိဟယႏၲိ တာဒိေနာ။

၉၄။ ရထားထိန္း ေကာင္းစြာဆံုးမျပီးေသာျမင္းတို႔သည္ ျငိမ္သက္တည္ၾကည္ကုန္သကဲ့သို႔ အၾကင္ ရဟႏၲာပုဂၢဳိလ္၏ ဣေႁႏၵ(ေျခာက္ပါး)တုိ႔သည္ ျငိမ္သက္ တည္ၾကည္ျခင္းသို႔ ေရာက္ကုန္၏၊ မာနကိုပယ္ျပီးေသာ အာသေ၀ါမ႐ွိေသာ တာဒိဂုဏ္ႏွင့္ျပည့္စံုေသာ ထိုရဟႏၲာပုဂၢဳိလ္အား နတ္တို႔သည္လည္း ခ်စ္ျမတ္ႏုိုးကုန္၏။

94. The venerable Arahant who wisely controls his senses as horses well trained by a good driver, and who is free from lower passions and pride, is admired even by devas (gods).

၉၅။ ပထ၀ိသေမာ ေနာ ၀ိ႐ုဇၥၽတိ၊ ဣႏၵခိလုပေမာ တာဒိ သုဗၺေတာ။
ရဟေဒါ၀ အေပတကဒၵေမာ၊ သံသာရာ န ဘ၀ႏၲိ တာဒိေနာ။

၉၅။ တာဒိဂုဏ္ႏွင့္ျပည့္စံုေသာ ေကာင္းေသာအက်င့္႐ွိေသာ ရဟႏၲာပုဂၢဳိလ္သည္ ေျမႀကီးကဲ့သို႔ လည္းေကာင္း၊ တံခါးတိုင္ကဲ့သို႔ လည္းေကာင္း (သည္းခံေသာစိတ္႐ွိသည္ျဖစ္၍) အမ်က္ေဒါသျဖင့္ ဆန္႔က်င္မႈမျပဳ၊ ႐ႊ႔ံညြန္ကင္း ေသာေရအိုင္ကဲ့သို႔ တာဒိဂုဏ္႐ွင္ ရဟႏၲာသခင္အား က်င္လည္ျခင္းတို႔သည္ မျဖစ္ကုန္။

95. The venerable Arahant is tolerant like the earth, he is steady like a firm pillar, and he is like a lake free from mud. For such an arahant there will be no more Samsara, the cycle of rebirths.

94 Yass’indriyani samatham gatani,
  assa yatha sarathina sudanta.
  Pahinamanassa anasavassa,
  devapi tassa pihayanti tadino.

  [Yass’(陽單屬格, rp.)][indriyani(中複主格)] [samatham平息(陽單業格)] [gatani去到(中複主格, pp.)],
  [assa(陽複主格)] [yatha(adv.)] [sarathina御者(陽複具格)] [sudanta善調伏(陽複主格, pp.)].
  [Pahina徹底捨棄(pp.)][manassa傲慢(陽單與格)] [anasavassa無流向者(陽單與格)],
  [deva(陽複主格)][pi] [tassa(陽單屬格)] [pihayanti羨慕(3)] [tadino這樣(中單與格)].
  他的諸根已去到平息[1],像諸馬已被諸御者善調伏。對已徹底捨棄傲慢的無流向者[2],諸天對他的這樣亦羨慕。

95 Pathavisamo no virujjhati,
  indakhilupamo tadi subbato,
  Rahado va apetakaddamo,
  samsara na bhavanti tadino.

  [Pathavisamo與地平等(陽單主格, a.)] [no] [virujjhati被擴大妨礙(3)],
  [indakhil王柱][ūpamo譬如(陽單主格, a.)] [tadi這樣(陽單主格, a.)] [subbato善禁制(陽單主格, a.)],
  [Rahado(陽單主格)] [va] [apeta離去(pp.)][kaddamo(陽單主格)],
  [samsara輪迴(陽複主格)] [na] [bhavanti變成(3)] [tadino這樣(陽複主格, a.)].

  與地平等者[3]不被擴大妨礙,譬如王柱的這樣的善禁制者,如泥已離去的池,這樣的諸輪迴不變成。


[1] 平息 samatha(平息)(sama1平息+[-atha(名詞語基)]) m.。音譯:奢摩他。(他譯:止)

[2] 無流向者 anasava(an+asava流向) I. a. 無流向(他譯:無漏) II. m. 無流向者(=阿羅漢)(參見Dh89的註腳)

[3] 與地平等者 pathavisama(pathavi+sama平等) a.

၉၆။ သႏၲံ တႆ မနံ ေဟာတိ၊ သႏၲာ ၀ါစာ စ ကမၼ စ။
သမၼဒညာ ၀ိမုတၱႆ၊ ဥပသႏၲႆ တာဒိေနာ။


၉၆။ အေၾကာင္းအားေလ်ာ္စြာ တရားကိုသိ၍ ကိေလသာမလြတ္ေသာ ျငိမ္သက္ေသာ ေဖာက္ျပန္ ျခင္းသေဘာမရွိေသာ ထိုရဟႏၲာပုဂၢဳိလ္၏ စိတ္သည္လည္းျငိမ္သက္၏၊ ႏႈတ္အမူအရာသည္ လည္းေကာင္း၊ ကိုယ္အမူအရာသည္ လည္းေကာင္း ျငိမ္သက္၏။

96. The venerable Arahant who is liberated and gone to serenity by perfect knowledge (the Truth) is calm and also the speech and the action are calm.

၉၇။ အႆေဒၶါ အကတညဴ စ၊ သႏၶိေစၧေဒါ စ ေယာ နေရာ။
ဟတာ၀ကာေသာ ၀ႏၲာေသာ၊ သ ေ၀ ဥတၱမေပါရိေသာ။


၉၇။ အၾကင္သူသည္ သူေျပာစကားျဖင့္သာ ယံုၾကည္သူမဟုတ္၊ နိဗၺာန္ကို ကိုယ္တိုင္သိသူလည္းျဖစ္၏၊ ၀ဋ္သံုးပါး ၏အစပ္ကို ျဖတ္ေတာက္ျပီးသူလည္းျဖစ္၏၊ ကုသိုလ္အကုသိုလ္၏ အက်ဳိးေပးခြင့္ကို သတ္ျဖတ္ျပီးသူလည္း ျဖစ္၏၊ အလံုးစံုေသာတဏွာကို ေထြးအန္ျပီးသူလည္း ျဖစ္၏၊ ထိုသူသည္သာ စင္စစ္ ေယာက်္ားျမတ္ျဖစ္၏။

97. He who is free from credulous beliefs since he has seen the eternal Nibbana, who has thrown off the bondage of the lower life and, far beyond temptations, has surrendered all his desires, he is indeed great among men.

96 Santam tassa manam hoti,
  santa vaca ca kamma ca;
  sammadañña vimuttassa,
  upasantassa tadino.

  [Santam被平息(中單主格, pp.)] [tassa(陽單屬格)] [manam(中單主格)] [hoti變成(3)],
  [santa被平息(陰單主格, pp.)] [vaca(陰單主格)] [ca] [kamma(中單主格)] ca;
  [sammadañña正確了知(陰單主格)] [vimuttassa被釋放開(陽單屬格, pp.)],
  [upasantassa全部平息(陽單屬格, pp.)] [tadino這樣(陽單屬格, a.)].

  他的意變成已被平息,語及業已被平息;已被釋放開者、已全部平息者、這樣者的正確了知[存在]

97 Assaddho akataññu ca,
  sandhicchedo ca yo naro;
  hatavakaso vantaso,
  sa ve uttamaporiso.

  [Assaddho不輕信(陽單主格, a.)] [akataññū知未被作(陽單主格, a.)] [ca],
  [sandhicchedo切斷連結(陽單主格, a.)] ca [yo凡是(陽單主格, rp.)] [naro(陽單主格)];
  [hat損壞(pp.)][avakaso機會(陽單主格)] [vant吐出(pp.)][aso希望(陽單主格, a.)],
  [sa(陽單主格)] [ve確實] [uttama最上(a.)][poriso(陽單主格)].

  凡是不輕信[1]知未被作[2],及切斷連結的[3]人,機會已被損壞[4]希望已被吐出[5],他確實是最上的人。


[1] 不輕信 自己已看穿真相,不輕易相信他說。

[2] 知未被作 DhAAkatam nibbanam janatiti akatabbu sacchikatanibbanoti attho.(「知未被作的涅槃,涅槃已被作證之義」:知未被作。)(未被作=無作)

[3] 切斷連結的 DhAVattasandhim, samsarasandhim chinditva thitoti sandhicchedo.(「切斷輪轉的連結、輪迴的連結後,已站立」:切斷連結的。)

[4] 機會已被損壞 DhAKusalakusalakammabijassa khinatta nibbattanavakaso hato assati hatavakaso.(「善業、不善業的種子已被滅盡的狀態,機會未被生出,應是已被損壞」:機會已被損壞。)

[5] 希望已被吐出 「在此世間及在下一[世間],他的諸希望不被知;我說無依附、已離結合的他,是婆羅門。」(Dh410)
DhA
Catuhi maggehi kattabbakiccassa katatta, sabba asa imina vantati vantaso.(「經四道,對能被作的及應被作的,由於已被作的狀態,一切的希望已被此[狀態]吐出」:希望已被吐出。)


၉၈။ ဂါေမ ၀ါ ယဒိ ၀ါရေည၊ နိေႏၷ ၀ါ ယဒိ ၀ါ ထေလ။
ယတၳ အရဟေႏၲာ ၀ိဟရႏၲိ၊ တံ ဘူမိရာမေဏယ်ကံ။


၉၈။ ႐ြာ၌ျဖစ္ေစ၊ ေတာ၌ျဖစ္ေစ၊ နိမ့္ရာ၌ျဖစ္ေစ၊ ကုန္းျမင့္၌ျဖစ္ေစ ရဟႏၲာပုဂၢဳိလ္တို႔သည္ ေနကုန္၏၊ ထိုပုဂၢဳိလ္တို႔ေနရာ ေျမအရပ္သည္ ေမြ႔ေလ်ာ္ဖြယ္ရွိ၏။

98. In a village or in a forest, or in a valley or on the hills, wherever venerable Arahants dwell, that place is delightful.

၉၉။ ရမဏီယာနိ အရညာနိ၊ ယတၳ န ရမတီ ဇေနာ။
၀ီတရာဂါ ရမိႆႏၲိ၊ န ေတ ကာမဂေ၀သိေနာ။


၉၉။ ေတာတို႔သည္ ေမြ႔ေလ်ာ္ဖြယ္ ႐ွိကုန္၏၊ ယင္းေတာတို႔၌ ကာမ႐ွာမွီးသူ လူအေပါင္းသည္ကား မေမြ႔ေလ်ာ္ႏုိင္၊ ရာဂကင္းေသာပုဂၢဳိလ္တို႔သည္သာ ေမြ႔ေလ်ာ္ကုန္လတၱံ႔၊ ထိုရာဂကင္းေသာ ပုဂၢဳိလ္တို႔သည္ ကာမကို မ႐ွာမွီးၾကကုန္။

99. Forests are delightful; where the ordinary people find no delight, there the passionless will find delight, for they do not seek sensual pleasures.

တာဒိဂုဏ= တာဒိဂုဏ္ဟူသည္ ေလာကဓံ႐ွစ္ပါးႏွင့္ ေတြ႔ၾကဳံေသာအခါ ေဖာက္ျပန္တုန္လႈပ္မႈ မ႐ွိျခင္းေပတည္း။

98 Game va yadi va’raññe,
  ninne va yadi va thale;
  yattha arahanto viharanti,
  tam bhumim ramaneyyakam.

  [Game(陽單處格)] [va] [yadi] [va][’raññe疏遠處(中單處格)],
  [ninne低地(中單處格)] va yadi va [thale高地(中單處格)];
  [yattha在此(adv.)] [arahanto阿羅漢(陽複主格)] [viharanti(3)],
  [tam那個(陰單業格)] [bhūmim(陰單業格)] [ramaneyyakam應被喜樂(陰單業格, a.)]. (cf. S i233)

  若在村或在疏遠處[1],若在低地或在高地,諸阿羅漢[2]在此,住應被喜樂的那個地。

99 Ramaniyani araññani,
  yattha na ramati jano.
  Vitaraga ramissanti,
  na te kamagavesino.

  [Ramaniyani喜樂(中複主格, grd.)] [araññani疏遠處(中複主格)],
  [yattha在此(adv.)] [na] [ramati喜樂(3)] [jano(陽單主格)].
  [Vitaraga已離染(陽複主格, a.)] [ramissanti喜樂(3)],
  na [te他們(陽複主格)] [kama][gavesino探求(陽複主格, a.)].

  諸疏遠處應被喜樂;[普通]人在此[疏遠處]不喜樂。諸已離染者將喜樂,他們不[]探求諸欲者。


[1] 疏遠處 arabba(na疏遠+ya(抽象名詞)) n. (對社區疏遠的地方)( 譯:阿蘭若、閑林、空閑處)

[2] 阿羅漢 arahant, arahanta([arahati值得領受]ppr.) m. 。直譯:正在值得領受者。