Thursday, September 16, 2010

ဓမၼပဒ Dhammapada, 法句 ေကာက္ႏႈတ္ခ်က္မ်ား (၄)


3 Cittavaggo 心品 စိတၱ၀ဂ္

၃၃။ ဖႏၵနံ စပလံ စိတၱံ၊ ဒူရကၡံ ဒုႏၷိ၀ါရယံ။
ဥဇံု ကေရာတိ ေမဓာ၀ီ၊ ဥသုကာေရာ၀ ေတဇနံ။

၃၄။ ၀ါရိေဇာ၀ ထေလ ခိေတၱာ၊ ၾသကေမာကတဥဗၻေတာ။
ပရိဖႏၵတိဒံ စိတၱံ၊ မာရေဓယ်ံ ပဟာတေ၀။

၃၃။ ေလးသမားသည္ ျမားကို ေျဖာင့္ေအာင္ျပဳသကဲ့သို႔ ပညာ႐ွိသည္ (အာ႐ံုတို႔၌)တုန္လႈပ္၍ လွ်ပ္ေပၚေလာ္ လည္ျခင္း သေဘာ႐ွိေသာ ေစာင့္ထိန္းရန္ တားျမစ္ရန္ ခက္ခဲေသာစိတ္ကို ေျဖာင့္ေအာင္ျပဳ၏။

၃၄။ ေရတည္းဟူေသာ မွီရာတည္ရာမွ ထုတ္ေဆာင္၍ ကုန္း၌ပစ္ခ်ထားအပ္ေသာငါးသည္ တဖ်ပ္ဖ်ပ္ တုန္လႈပ္သကဲ့သို႔ ကိေလသာမာရ္ ကိုယ္တြင္းရန္ကိုပယ္ရန္ ကာမနယ္ပယ္မွ ထုတ္ေဆာင္၍ ထားအပ္ေသာ ဤစိတ္သည္ တဖ်ပ္ဖ်ပ္ တုန္လႈပ္၏။

33. The mind is restless, unsteady, hard to guard, hard to control. The wise man makes it straight, like a Fletcher straightens his arrows.

34. Like a fish quivers when taken out from his watery home and thrown on land, our mind struggles to get free from the power of Mara's sway (kilesas, moral defilements).

33 Phandanam capalam cittam,
  durakkham dunnivarayam;
  ujum karoti medhavi,
  usukaro va tejanam.

[Phandanam悸動(中單主格, a.)] [capalam擺動(中單主格, a.)] [cittam(中單主格)],
  [dūrakkham難被護(中單主格, a.)] [dunnivarayam難制止(中單主格, grd.)];
  [ujum正直(中單業格, a.)] [karoti(3)] [medhavi有智(陽單主格, a.)],
  [usukaro作箭者(陽單主格)] [va] [tejanam箭桿(中單業格)].

  悸動[1]、擺動的心,難被護、應難被制止;有智者作正直的[],如作箭者[作正直的]箭桿。

34 Varijo va thale khitto,
  okamokata ubbhato;
  pariphandat’ idam cittam,
  Maradheyyam pahatave.

[Varijo(陽單主格)] [va] [thale陸地(中單處格)] [khitto(陽單主格, pp.)],
   [okamokata從住處到住處] [ubbhato移出(陽單主格, pp.)];
  [pariphandat’遍悸動(3)] [idam(中單主格)] [cittam(中單主格)],
  [Maradheyyam魔羅的領域(單業格)] [pahatave徹底捨棄(inf.)].

  如魚已被拋在陸地上,從住處到住處已被移出;此心遍悸動,能徹底捨棄魔羅的領域。


[1] 悸動 Phandanam(他譯:震顫)DhAphandananti rupadisu arammanesu vipphandamanam.(「悸動」:在形色等的所緣正在擴大悸動。)


၃၅။ ဒုႏၷိဂၢဟႆ လဟုေနာ၊ ယတၳကာမနိပါတိေနာ။
စိတၱႆ ဒမေထာ သာဓု၊ စိတၱံ ဒႏၲံ သုခါ၀ဟံ။


၃၅။ ႏွိမ္နင္းရန္ခဲယဥ္း၍ လ်င္ျမန္ေသာသေဘာ႐ွိေသာ အလို႐ွိရာအာ႐ုံ၌ က်ေလ့႐ွိေသာစိတ္ကို ဆံုးမျခင္း သည္ေကာင္း၏၊ (ဆံုးမျပီး၍)ယဥ္ေက်းေသာစိတ္သည္ ခ်မ္းသာကို ႐ြက္ေဆာင္တတ္၏။

35. It is good to tame the mind, which is difficult to restrain. It flies after fancies wherever it likes. A disciplined mind brings happiness.

၃၆။ သုဒုဒၵသံ သုနိပုဏံ၊ ယတၳကာမနိပါတိနံ။
စိတၱံ ရေကၡထ ေမဓာ၀ီ၊ စိတၱံ ဂုတၱံ သုခါ၀ဟံ။


၃၆။ အလြန္႔အလြန္ျမင္ႏုိင္ခဲေသာ အလြန္႔အလြန္သိမ္ေမြ႔ေသာ အလို႐ွိရာအာ႐ုံ၌ က်ေလ့႐ွိေသာ စိတ္ကို ပညာ ႐ွိသည္ ေစာင့္ေ႐ွာက္ရာ၏၊ ေစာင့္ေ႐ွာက္ထားအပ္ေသာစိတ္သည္ ခ်မ္းသာကို ႐ြက္ေဆာင္တတ္၏။

36. Invisible and subtle is the mind, and it flies after fancies wherever it likes, but let the wise man guard well his mind, for a mind well-guarded is a source of great joy.

35 Dunniggahassa lahuno,
  yatthakamanipatino,
  cittassa damatho sadhu;
  cittam dantam sukhavaham.

[Dunniggahassa難制止(中單與格, a.)] [lahuno輕快(中單與格, a.)],
  [yattha在此(adv.)][kama][nipatino落下(中單與格, a.)],
  [cittassa(中單與格)] [damatho調伏(陽單主格)] [sadhu妥善(陽單主格, a.)];
  [cittam(中單主格)] [dantam調伏(中單主格, pp.)] [sukh][avaham帶來(中單主格, a.)].

  在此,對難制止、輕快、從欲落下的心,調伏[]妥善;已被調伏的心帶來樂。

36 Sududdasam sunipunam,
  yatthakamanipatinam;
  cittam rakkhetha medhavi,
  cittam guttam sukhavaham.

[Su非常][duddasam難被見(中單業格, a.)] [su非常][nipunam微妙(中單業格, a.)],
  [yattha在此(adv.)][kama][nipatinam落下(中單業格, a.)];
  [cittam(中單業格)] [rakkhetha(3opt.為自言)] [medhavi有智(陽單主格, a.)],
  [cittam(中單主格)] [guttam防護(中單主格, pp.)] [sukh][avaham帶來(中單主格, a.)]. (cp. Dh35)

  在此,有智者應護非常難被見、非常微妙、從欲落下的心;已被防護的心帶來[1]


[1] 樂 DhA指「道、果、涅槃的樂」(magga-phala-nibbana-sukhani)


၃၇။ ဒူရဂၤမံ ဧကစရံ၊ အသရီရံ ဂုဟာသယံ။ (ဧကစာရံ)
ေယ စိတၱံ သံယမိႆႏၲိ၊ ေမာကၡႏၲိ မာရဗႏၶနာ။


၃၇။ အေ၀းသို႔သြားတတ္ေသာ တစ္ဦးတည္းက်က္စားေသာ ကိုယ္ေကာင္အထည္မ႐ွိေသာ (ဟဒယ ၀တၳဳ)လိုဏ္ဂူ၌မီွေသာစိတ္ကို အၾကင္သူတို႔သည္ ေစာင့္စည္း(ခ်ဳပ္တည္း)ၾကကုန္၏၊ (ထိုသူတို႔သည္) မာရ္အေႏွာင္အဖြဲ႔မွ လြတ္ၾကကုန္လတၱံ႔။

37. Those who control their mind which travels far, moves about alone, hides in the chamber of the heart, are free from the bonds of Mara ( the tempter).

၃၈။ အန၀႒ိတစိတၱႆ၊ သဒၶမၼံ အ၀ိဇာနေတာ။
ပရိ ပႅ၀ပသာဒႆ၊ ပညာ န ပရိပူရတိ။

၃၉။ အန၀ႆုတစိတၱႆ၊ အနႏြာဟတေစတေသာ။
ပုညပါပပဟီနႆ၊ နတၳိ ဇာဂရေတာ ဘယံ။


၃၈။ မတည္တံ့ေသာစိတ္႐ွိေသာ သူေတာ္ေကာင္းတရားကို မသိေသာ ေပါေလာေပၚေသာ ယံုၾကည္မႈ႐ွိသူအား ပညာသည္ မျပည့္စံု။

၃၉။ (ရာဂ)မစိုစြတ္ေသာစိတ္႐ွိေသာ၊ (ေဒါသ)ထိခိုက္ေသာစိတ္မ႐ွိေသာ ေကာင္းမႈမေကာင္းမႈကို ပယ္ၿပီးေသာ ႏုိးၾကားေသာပုဂၢဳိလ္အား ေဘးသည္မ႐ွိ။

38. He whose mind is unsteady, who knows not the path of truth (Dhamma), whose faith in peace is wavering, he shall never reach fullness of wisdom.

39. For the wakeful one whose mind is free from passion, whose thoughts are undisturbed, who has given up both good and evil, there is no fear.

37 Duravgamam ekacaram,
  asariram guhasayam,
  ye cittam samyamessanti,
  mokkhanti Marabandhana.

[Dūravgamam去遠處(單業格, a.)] [ekacaram單獨行(單業格, a.)],
  [asariram無體(單業格, a.)] [guha][sayam(陽單主格, ppr.)],
  [ye凡是...(陽複主格, rp.)] [cittam(中單業格)] [samyamessanti使...完全止息(3)],
  [mokkhanti被釋放(3)] [Mara魔羅][bandhana繫縛(中單從格)].

  正在臥於窟者,去遠處、單獨行、無體[1];凡是將使心完全止息者,將從魔羅的繫縛被釋放。

38~39

38 Anavatthitacittassa,
  saddhammam avijanato;
  pariplavapasadassa,
  pañña na paripurati.

  {[Anavatthita未停下來(pp.)][cittassa](陽單與格, a.)},
  [saddhammam真善法(陽單業格)] [avijanato未擴大知(陽單與格, ppr.)];
  [pariplava遍漂浮(a.)][pasadassa明淨(陽單與格)],
  [pañña(陰單主格)] [na] [paripūrati遍充滿(3)].

  對心未停下來者、未正在擴大知真善法者、在遍漂浮者之中明淨者,慧不遍充滿。

39 Anavassutacittassa,
  ananvahatacetaso,
  puññapapapahinassa,
  natthi jagarato bhayam.

  {[Anavassuta未流下(pp.)][cittassa](陽單與格, a.)},
  {[ananvahata未打亂(pp.)][cetaso](陽單與格, a.)},
  [puñña][papa][pahinassa徹底捨棄(陽單與格, pp.)],
  [natthi不存在(3)] [jagarato清醒(陽單與格, ppr.)] [bhayam恐懼(中單主格)].

  對心未流下者、心未被打亂者、福及惡已被徹底捨棄者、正在清醒者,恐懼不存在。


[1] 無體 asarira(a+sarira[]) a. (Narada譯:bodiless)(K.R. Norman譯:incorporeal)


၄၀။ ကုမၻဴပမံ ကာယမိမံ ၀ိဒိတြာ၊ နဂ႐ူပမံ စိတၱမိဒံ ဌေပတြာ။
ေယာေဓထ မာရံ ပညာ၀ုေဓန၊ ဇိတဥၥ ရေကၡ အနိေ၀သေနာ သိယာ။


၄၀။ ဤ(သံုးဆယ့္ႏွစ္ေကာ႒ာသ) ခႏၶာကိုယ္ကို အိုးႏွင့္တူ၏ဟုသိ၍ ဤစိတ္ကို ျမိဳ႔ႏွင့္တူ၏ဟု ဉာဏ္၌သက္၀င္ ေစလ်က္ ပညာလက္နက္ျဖင့္ ကိေလသာမာရ္ကို တိုက္ခိုက္ရာ၏၊ (တိုက္ခိုက္၍) ေအာင္ေသာ တရားကိုလည္း ကပ္ျငိတြယ္တာျခင္းမရွိဘဲ ေစာင့္ေရွာက္ထားရာ၏။

40. Knowing this body to be like an earthen jar, making the mind like a fortified city, one should fight Mara (all temptations) with the weapon of knowledge and continue to guard the mind on what has been gained – without attachment to it.

၄၁။ အစိရံ ၀တယံ ကာေယာ၊ ပထ၀ႎ အဓိေသႆတိ။
ဆုေဒၶါ အေပတ၀ိညာေဏာ၊ နိရတၳံ၀ ကလိဂၤရံ။


၄၁။ ဤခႏၶာကိုယ္သည္ ၀ိညာဥ္ကင္းခဲ့ေသာ္ အသံုးမက်ေသာ ထင္းတံုးကဲ့သို႔ စြန္႔ပစ္အပ္သည္ ျဖစ္၍ မၾကာမွီသာလွ်င္ ေျမေပၚ၌ အိပ္ရလိမ့္တကား။

41. For before long, this body will lifeless lie on the ground, without consciousness, abandoned like a useless log.

40 Kumbhupamam kayam imam viditva,
  nagarupamam cittam idam thapetva.
  Yodhetha Maram paññayudhena,
  jitañ ca rakkhe anivesano siya.

  [Kumbh陶器][ūpamam譬如(adv.)] [kayam(陽單業格)] [imam(陽單業格)] [viditva(ger.)],
  [nagar]ūpamam [cittam(中單業格)] [idam(中單業格)] [thapetva使...存續(ger.)].
  [Yodhetha迎戰(3opt.)] [Maram魔羅(陽單業格)] [pañña][yudhena戰爭(中單具格)],
  [jitañ勝過(陰單業格, pp.)] [ca並且] [rakkhe(3opt.)] [anivesano無依戀(陽單主格, a.)] [siya(3opt.)].

  知此身譬如陶器後,使此心存續譬如城後,應以慧的戰爭迎戰魔羅,應護已被勝過的[擴大看][1]並且應是無依戀者。

41 Aciram vat’ ayam kayo,
  pathavim adhisessati;
  chuddho apetaviññano,
  nirattham va kalivgaram.

  [Aciram不久(adv.)] [vat’確實] [ayam(陽單主格)] [kayo(陽單主格)],
  [pathavim(陰單業格)] [adhisessati臥在...(3)];
  [chuddho拋棄(陽單主格, pp.)] {[apeta離去(pp.)][viññano](陽單主格, a.)},
  [nirattham無義利(中單主格, a.)] [va] [kalivgaram木頭(中單主格)].

  不久此身確實將臥在地上,已被拋棄,[2]已離去,如無義利的木頭。


[1] 應護已被勝過的[擴大看]:應護已被勝過的對象,在此處是指vipassana(擴大看)(參見DhA在本法句的解釋)

 vipassana(擴大看) f. 擴大看(他譯:觀、內觀、毗婆舍那)

 vipassati(vi擴大+passati) 擴大看(動詞) {「譯為「觀」的vipassana(音譯:毗婆舍那)被解釋為「從各種不同的方面照見」(vividhakarato dassana)。「觀」是直接地照見諸究竟法的無常、苦、無我三相。」(Bodhi《阿毗達摩概要精解》,頁326)}

[2] Vibbana(擴大+jba) n. (Nyanatiloka譯:consciousness)

(「比丘們!凡是第一心在母的子宮已出現者,第一識已變成明顯;取那個[]後,那個生如此應存在。比丘們!我允許使從胎起算滿二十歲者全部完全行。」(Mahavagga 1.75, V i93)) (「比丘們!但是何者是識?比丘們!此等是六識的身:眼的識、耳的識、鼻的識、舌的識、身的識、意的識。比丘們!此被叫做識。」S ii4) (「比丘們!但是你們如何說識?『他擴大知』;比丘們!由於它,它被叫做識。何者是擴大知?他既擴大知酸者,亦擴大知苦味者,亦擴大知辛辣者,亦擴大知甜蜜者,亦擴大知鹼性物質者,亦擴大知非鹼性物質者,亦擴大知有鹽者,亦擴大知無鹽者。『他擴大知』;比丘們!由於它,他被叫做識。」S iii87)

(「但是凡是這被叫做心者,既[被叫做]意,亦[被叫做]識。在夜間及在日間,他另一者如此出現,另一者被滅。」S ii95)

(「在自我身內及在外部,對不正在全面歡喜感受者,如是已念者的、正在行者的識被破滅。(Sn1111)

၄၂။ ဒိေသာ ဒိသံ ယံ တံ ကယိရာ၊ ေ၀ရီ ၀ါ ပန ေ၀ရိနံ။
မိစၧာပဏိဟိတံ စိတၱံ၊ ပါပိေယာ နံ တေတာ ကေရ။

၄၂။ ခိုးသူတစ္ေယာက္သည္ ခိုးသူတစ္ေယာက္ကုိ(ျမင္ေသာ္) ပ်က္စီးေအာင္ ျပဳရာ၏၊ ရန္သူတစ္ေယာက္သည္ ရန္သူတစ္ေယာက္ကို(ျမင္ေသာ္) ပ်က္စီးေအာင္ ျပဳရာ၏၊ မေကာင္းသျဖင့္ ထားအပ္ေသာစိတ္သည္ကား ထို စိတ္ရွိသူကို ထုိ႔ထက္ပင္ ယုတ္ညံ့ေအာင္ ျပဳႏုိင္၏။

42. What an enemy may do to an enemy, or a hater to a hater, but a man's own mind, if wrongly directed, can do him a far greater harm.

၄၃။ န တံ မာတာ ပိတာ ကယိရာ၊ အေည ၀ါပိ စ ဉာတကာ။
သမၼာပဏိဟိတံ စိတၱံ၊ ေသယ်ေသာ နံ တေတာ ကေရ။

၄၃။ ထို လူ နတ္ နိဗၺာန္ သံုးတန္ေသာ ခ်မ္းသာမ်ဳိးကို အမိအဖသည္ မျပဳႏုိင္၊ တစ္ပါးေသာ ေဆြမ်ဳိးတို႔သည္လည္း မျပဳစြမ္းႏုိင္ကုန္၊ ထို လူ နတ္ နိဗၺာန္ သံုးတန္ေသာ ခ်မ္းသာမ်ဳိးကို ေကာင္းစြာထားအပ္ေသာ စိတ္သည္သာလွ်င္ ထိုမိဖေဆြမ်ဳိးတို႔ထက္ တစ္ဆင့္ထက္တစ္ဆင့္ ျမင့္ျမတ္ေအာင္ ျပဳစြမ္းႏုုိင္၏။

43. Not mother, neither father, nor any other relatives will do well to a man, but his own right directed mind can do it to him for his well-being.

42 Diso disam yam tam kayira,
  veri va pana verinam;
  micchapanihitam cittam,
  papiyo nam tato kare.

  [Diso敵人(陽單主格)] [disam敵人(陽單業格)] [yam凡是(陽單業格, rp.)] [tam那個(中單業格)] [kayira(3opt.)],
  [veri(陽單主格, a.)] [va pana或又] [verinam(陽複與格, a.)];
  [miccha][panihitam設定(中單主格, pp.)] [cittam(中單主格)],
  [papiyo(ㄍㄥˋ)(比較級, a.)] [nam(陽單業格)] [tato從那邊] [kare(3opt.)].

  敵人在凡是敵人,會作那個[],或又怨者對諸怨者[會作那個惡];已被邪設定的心,從那邊會作更惡的他。

43 Na tam mata pita kayira,
  aññe vapi ca ñataka;
  sammapanihitam cittam,
  seyyaso nam tato kare.

  [Na] [tam那個(中單業格)] [mata(陰單主格)] [pita(陽單主格)] [kayira(3opt.)],
  [aññe其他(陽複主格, a.)] [vapi或甚至] [ca並且] [ñataka親屬(陽複主格)];
  [samma正確][panihitam設定(中單主格, pp.)] [cittam(中單主格)],
  [seyyaso比較好(單數從格, a.)] [nam(陽單業格)] [tato從那邊] [kare(3opt.)]. (cp. Dh42)

  母、父、並且或甚至其他的諸親屬,不會作那個[];已被正確設定的心,從那邊會從比較好的作他。