Wednesday, October 27, 2010

ဓမၼပဒ Dhammapada, 法句 ေကာက္ႏႈတ္ခ်က္မ်ား (၁၂)



၁၁။ ဇရာ၀ဂ
Jaravaggo 老化品

၁၄၆။ ေကာ ႏု ဟာေသာ ကိမာနေႏၵာ၊ နိစၥံ ပဇၨလိေတ သတိ။
အႏၶကာေရန ၾသနဒၶါ၊ ပဒီပံ န ဂေ၀သထ။


၁၄၆။ လူအေပါင္း၌ အျမဲကိေလသာမီး ေတာက္ေလာင္ေနပါလွ်က္ အဘယ့္ေၾကာင့္ ေပ်ာ္ျမဴး ရယ္႐ႊင္ဘိသနည္း၊ အဘယ့္ေၾကာင့္ ႏွစ္လို၀မ္းသာျခင္း ျဖစ္ဘိသနည္း၊ အ၀ိဇၨာမိုက္ေမွာင္ႀကီးျဖင့္ ပိတ္ဆီး ေျမႇးယွက္အပ္ကုန္ သည္ျဖစ္ပါလ်က္ သင္တို႔သည္ အဘယ့္ေၾကာင့္ ပညာဆီမီးကို မ႐ွာဘဲ ေနၾကကုန္သနည္း။

146. How is there laughter, how is there joy, while the fire of passion and desire is burning on all people? When you are in deep darkness of craving and ignorance, will you not ask for a lamp of wisdom?

၁၄၇။ ပႆ စိတၱကတံ ဗိမၺံ၊ အ႐ုကာယံ သမုႆိတံ။
အာတုရံ ဗဟုသကၤပၸံ၊ ယႆ နတၳိ ဓု၀ံ ႒ိတိ။


၁၄၇။ အဆန္းတၾကယ္ျပဳအပ္ေသာ အ႐ုပ္ႏွင့္တူေသာ အ႐ုိးစုသံုးရာတို႔ျဖင့္ ေထာက္ထားအပ္ေသာ နာက်င္တတ္ေသာ မ်ားစြာေသာသူတုိ႔သည္ ၾကံစည္အပ္ေသာ ကိုးေပါက္ဒြါရ အမာ၀႐ွိေသာကိုယ္ကို ၾကည့္႐ႈေလာ့၊ ယင္းကိုယ္၏ အျမဲအ႐ွည္ တည္ျခင္းသည္ မ႐ွိေခ်တကား။

147. Look at this body! A beautified image with jointed limbs, always suffering and covered with nine orifices; it is not stable, ever changing and never permanent.

146 Ko nu haso kim anando,
  nicca
m pajjalite sati.
  Andhak
arena onaddha,
  pad
ipam na gavessatha?

  [Ko nu為什麼?] [haso笑(陽單主格)] [kim為何?] [anando朝向歡喜(陽單主格)],
  [nicca
m常(adv.)] [pajjalite燃起來(單處格, pp.)] [sati存在(單處格, ppr.)].
  [Andhak
arena黑暗(單具格)] [onaddha繫縛(陽複主格, pp.)],
  [pad
ipam燈(陽單業格)] [na不] [gavessatha探求(複2未)]?

  在正在存在者[1]常已被燃起來時,為什麼笑?為何朝向歡喜?已被黑暗繫縛的你們,將不探求燈?

147 Passa cittakatam bimbam,
  aruk
ayam samussitam;
  
aturam bahusavkappam
  yassa n’atthi dhuva
m thiti.

  [Passa看(單2imp.)] [cittakatam作彩繪(中單業格, pp.)] [bimbam形體(中單業格)],
  [aru瘡][k
ayam身(陽單業格)] [samussitam舉起(陽單業格, pp.)];
  [
aturam疾苦(陽單業格, a.)] [bahu眾多][savkappam思惟(陽單業格)]
  [yassa它(中單屬格, rp.)] [n’不][atthi存在(單3現)] [dhuva
m永久(adv.)] [thiti存續(陰單主格)]. (cf. M ii64)

  請你看已被作彩繪的形體、已被舉起的疾苦的瘡身、眾多的思惟;[2]的存續不永久存在。


[1] 在正在存在者 sati 存在(單處格, ppr.)。(Narada譯:when the world)

[2] 它 指「形體、瘡身、思惟」。

၁၄၈။ ပရိဇိဏၰမိဒံ ႐ူပံ၊ ေရာဂနီဠ ပဘဂၤုရံ။
ဘိဇၨတိ ပူတိသေႏၵေဟာ၊ မရဏႏၲံ ဟိ ဇီ၀ိတံ။


၁၄၈။ ဤ႐ူပကာယသည္ ေဆြးေျမ့ အိုတတ္၏၊ အနာေရာဂါတို႔၏ တည္ေနရာလည္းျဖစ္၏၊ ယိုယြင္းပ်က္စီးတတ္၏၊ အသက္႐ွင္ေနရျခင္းသည္ ေသျခင္းလွ်င္ အဆံုး႐ွိရကား ထိုကိုယ္သည္ ပုပ္သည္ျဖစ္၍ ပ်က္စီးရလတၱံ႔။

148. This body is decayed, a nest of diseases and perishable. With destruction and dissolution, all living beings come to an end in death.

၁၄၉။ ယာနိမာနိ အပတၳာနိ၊ အလာဗူေန၀ သာရေဒ။
ကာေပါတကာနိ အ႒ီနိ၊ တာနိ ဒိသြာန ကာ ရတိ။


၁၄၉။ တန္ေဆာင္မုန္းအခါ၌ စြန္႔ပစ္ထားေသာ ဘူးသီးေျခာက္ကဲ့သို႔ စြန္႔ပစ္အပ္ေသာ ခိုအဆင္းကဲ့သို႔ ျဖဴမြဲေသာ အ႐ုိုးတို႔ကိုျမင္ရ၍ အဘယ္မွာ ေမြ႔ေလ်ာ္ဖြယ္႐ွိႏုိင္အံ့နည္း။

149. Those grey bleaching human bones, like gourds discarded in autumn, what pleasure is there in looking at them?

148 Parijinnam idam rupam,
  rogani
ddham pabhavguram,
  bhijjati p
utisandeho,
  mara
nantam hi jivitam.

  [Parijinnam遍老化(中單主格, pp.)] [idam此(中單主格)] [rūpam形色(中單主格)],
  [roga疾病][ni
ddham巢(中單主格)] [pabhavguram徹底破壞(中單主格, a.)],
  [bhijjati被迸(
ㄅㄥˋ)裂(單3現)] [pūti腐臭(a.)][sandeho全身(陽單主格)],
  [mara
n死(n.)][antam終極(中單主格, a.)] [hi確實] [jivitam壽命(中單主格)].

  此已被遍老化的形色[1]、徹底破壞的疾病巢、腐臭的全身被迸裂,壽命確實以[2]為終極。

149 Yan’ imani apatthani,
  al
apun’eva sarade.
  K
apotakani atthini,
  t
ani disvana ka rati?

  [Yan’凡是(中複主格, rp.)] [imani此等(中複主格)] [apatthani拋棄(中複主格, pp.)],
  [al
apūn’葫蘆(中複主格)] [eva如此] [sarade秋季(中單處格, a.)].
  [K
apotakani鴿色(中複業格, a.)] [atthini骨(中複業格)],
  [t
ani那些(中複業格)] [disvana見(ger.)] [ka什麼?(陰單主格)] [rati喜樂(陰單主格)]?

  如此在秋季,凡是此等葫蘆已被拋棄。見那些鴿色的骨後,什麼是喜樂?


[1] 形色 rūpa n.。他譯:色。(「比丘們!但是何者是名及形色?感受、一起知、思、觸、作意,此被叫做名。四大物,及取後四大物的形色。此被叫做形色。」(S ii3-4) )(「比丘們!但是你們如何說形色?『他被惱壞』;比丘們!由於它,他被叫做『形色』。他被什麼惱壞?他既被清涼者惱壞,亦被炎熱者惱壞,亦被飢餓惱壞,亦被渴惱壞,亦被虻、蚊、風、熱、爬蟲類動物的接觸惱壞。『他被惱壞』;比丘們!由於它,他被叫做『形色』。」(S iii86))

[2] 死 marana(r) n.。(「凡是對各色各樣的那些已執著者,從每一個已執著者之類,脫離及脫離的狀態、迸裂、消失、死於死天、作死時、諸蘊的迸裂、身軀的拋下。此被叫做死。」(S ii2-3))(satta m. 已執著者。他譯:有情、眾生)

၁၅၀။ အ႒ီနံ နဂရံ ကတံ၊ မံသေလာဟိတေလပနံ။
ဟတၳ ဇရာ စ မစၥဳ စ၊ မာေနာ မေကၡာ စ ၾသဟိေတာ။


၁၅၀။ အ႐ုိးတို႔ကိုစိုက္ထူ၍ အသားအေသြးတို႔ျဖင့္ လိမ္းက်ံလ်က္ အတၱေဘာတည္းဟူေသာျမိဳ႔ကို တဏွာလက္သမား သည္ ေဆာက္လုပ္အပ္၏၊ ယင္းျမိဳ႔၌ အိုျခင္း မာနေထာင္လႊားျခင္း သူ႔ေက်းဇူးကို ေခ်ဖ်က္ျခင္းသည္သာ တည္႐ွိေလ၏။

150. With bones the city is made, plastered with flesh and blood, where lie pride, ingratitude, old age and death.

၁၅၁။ ဇီရႏၲိ ေ၀ ရာဇရထာ သုစိတၱာ၊ အေထာ သရီရမၸိ ဇရံ ဥေပတိ။
သတဥၥ ဓေမၼာ န ဇရံ ဥေပတိ၊ သေႏၲာ ဟေ၀ သဗၻိ ပေ၀ဒယႏၲိ။


၁၅၁။ ရတနာတို႔ျဖင့္ ေကာင္းစြာ ဆန္းၾကယ္ေသာ မင္းတို႔၏ ရထားတို႔သည္ ေဆြးေျမ့အိုမင္း ၾကကုန္ေသး၏၊ ခႏၶာကိုယ္သည္လည္း ထို႔အတူပင္ ေဆြးေျမ့ အိုမင္းျခင္းသို႔ ေရာက္ရေသး၏၊ သူေတာ္ေကာင္းတို႔၏ တရားေတာ္ သည္ကား ေဆြးေျမ့ အိုမင္းျခင္းသို႔ မေရာက္ႏုိင္ဟု သူေတာ္ေကာင္းတို႔သည္ သူေတာ္ေကာင္းတို႔ႏွင့္ အခ်င္းခ်င္း ေဆြးေႏြးေျပာၾကားၾကကုန္၏။

151. Even well-decorated royal chariots of Kings eventually wear away. And so also the human body falls into decay. But the Dhamma of the virtuous people never grows old and decay as the righteous share it each other.

150 Atthinam nagaram katam,
  ma
msalohitalepanam;
  yattha jar
a ca maccu ca
  m
ano makkho ca ohito.

  [Atthinam骨(中複屬格)] [nagaram城(中單主格)] [katam作(中單主格, pp.)],
  [ma
msa肉][lohita血][lepanam塗染(中單主格)];
  [yattha在此(adv.)] [jar
a老化(陰單主格)] [ca及] [maccu死天(陽單主格)] ca
  [m
ano傲慢(陽單主格)] [makkho偽善(陽單主格)] ca [ohito放下(陽單主格, pp.)].

  諸骨的城已被作,被肉及血塗染;老化及死天、傲慢及偽善,在此已被放下。

151 Jiranti ve rajaratha sucitta,
  atho sar
iram pi jaram upeti.
  Satañ ca dhammo na jara
m upeti,
  santo have sabbhi pavedayanti.

  [Jiranti被老化(複3現)] [ve確實] [rajaratha王車(陽複主格)] [sucitta善彩繪(陽複主格, a.)],
  [atho然後] [sar
iram身體(中單主格)] [pi亦] [jaram老化(陰單業格)] [upeti經歷(單3現)].
  [Satañ真善(陽複屬格, a.)] [ca但是] [dhammo法(陽單主格)] [na不] jara
m upeti,
  [santo真善(陽複主格, a.)] [have嘿!確實] [sabbhi真善(陽複具格, a.)] [pavedayanti告知(複3現)]. (cf. S i71)

  善彩繪的諸王車確實被老化,然後身體亦經歷老化。但是諸真善者的法不經歷老化;嘿!諸真善者確實經諸真善者告知。

၁၅၂။ အပၸႆုတာယံ ပုရိေသာ၊ ဗလီဗေဒၵါ၀ ဇီရတိ။
မံသာနိ တႆ ၀ၯုႏၲိ၊ ပညာ တႆ န ၀ုၯုတိ။


၁၅၂။ အၾကားအျမင္နည္းေသာ ဤေယာက်္ားသည္ ႏြားလားကဲ့သို႔ အခ်ည္းအႏွီး ၾကီးထြားလာ၏၊ ထိုေယာက်္ားအား အသားတို႔သာ တိုးပြားကုန္၏၊ ပညာမူကား မတိုးပြြြါး။

152. A person who has learnt little becomes heavier day by day like an ox, his flesh increases and gains weight, but not his wisdom.

၁၅၃။ အေနကဇာတိသံသာရံ၊ သႏၶာ၀ိႆံ အနိဗိၺသံ။
ဂဟကာရံ ဂေ၀သေႏၲာ၊ ဒုကၡာ ဇာတိ ပုနပၸဳနံ။

၁၅၄။ ဂဟကာရက ဒိေ႒ာသိ၊ ပုန ေဂဟံ န ကာဟသိ။
သဗၺာ ေတ ဖာသုကာ ဘဂၢါ၊ ဂဟကူဋံ ၀ိသခၤတံ။
၀ိသခၤါရဂတံ စိတၱံ၊ တဏွာနံ ခယမဇၩဂါ။


၁၅၃။ အဖန္ဖန္ ပဋိသေႏၶေနရျခင္းသည္ ဆင္းရဲလွစြာေသာေၾကာင့္ ခႏၶာအိမ္ကို ေဆာက္လုပ္တတ္သူ တဏွာလက္သမားကို ႐ွာေသာငါသည္ ထိုတဏွာလက္သမားကို ျမင္ႏုိင္ေသာဉာဏ္ မရေသးသျဖင့္ ဘ၀မ်ားစြာ သံသရာပတ္လံုး က်င္လည္ခဲ့ရေလျပီ။

၁၅၄။ ခႏၶာအိမ္ကို ေဆာက္လုပ္တတ္ေသာ ဟယ္ တဏွာလက္သမား၊ ငါသည္သင့္ကို ပညာမ်က္စိျဖင့္ ယခုျမင္အပ္ျပီး၊ ခႏၶာအိမ္ကိုေနာင္တဖန္ သင္ေဆာက္လုပ္ရေတာ့မည္မဟုတ္၊ သင္၏ ကိေလသာတည္းဟူေသာ အျခင္ရနယ္ အားလံုးတို႔ကို ငါခ်ဳိးဖ်က္အပ္ၿပီ၊ အ၀ိဇၨာတည္းဟူေသာ အိမ္အထြတ္ကို ဖ်က္ဆီးအပ္ျပီ၊ ငါ၏စိတ္သည္ ျပဳျပင္ျခင္းကင္းရာ နိဗၺာန္သုိ႔ေရာက္ျပီ၊ တဏွာ ကုန္ရာကုန္ေၾကာင္း အရဟတၱဖိုလ္ကိုရျပီ။

153. I ran through Samsara, the cycles of many lives with deaths and rebirths, searching in vain the builder of my body due to the lack of wisdom.

154. Now I have seen the builder of the house, you will not rebuild the house again. The rafters of sins are broken; the ridge-pole of ignorance is destroyed. The fever of craving is past; for my mortal mind is gone free to the joy of the immortal Nibbana.

152 Appassut’ayam puriso,

  balivaddo va jirati.
  Ma
msani tassa vaddhanti,
  paññ
a tassa na vaddhati.

  [Appassut’聽到少量(陽單主格, pp.)][ayam此(陽單主格)] [puriso人(陽單主格)],

  [balivaddo牛(陽單主格)] [va如] [jirati被老化(單3現)].
  [Ma
msani肉(中複主格)] [tassa他(陽單屬格)] [vaddhanti增長(複3現)],
  [paññ
a慧(陰單主格)] tassa [na不] [vaddhati增長(單3現)].

  此已聽到少量的人,如牛被老化。他的諸肉增長,他的慧不增長。


153 Anekajatisamsaram
  sandh
avissam anibbisam,
  gahak
arakam gavesanto,
  dukkh
a jati punappunam.

  [Aneka許多][jati生][samsaram輪迴(陽單業格>adv.)]
  [sandh
avissam流轉(單1過)] [anibbisam未發現(陽單主格, ppr.)],
  [gahak
arakam作家者(陽單業格)] [gavesanto探求(陽單主格, ppr.)],
  [dukkh
a苦(陰單主格, a.)] [jati生(陰單主格)] [punappunam一再(adv.)].

  未正在發現、正在探求作家[],在許多生的輪迴流轉;一再[2][是]苦。

154 Gahakaraka dittho si,
  puna geha
m na kahasi;
  sabb
a te phasuka bhagga,
  gahak
utam visavkhitam;
  visa
vkharagatam cittam,
  ta
nhanam khayam ajjhaga.

  [Gahakaraka作家者(陽單呼格)] [dittho見(陽單主格, pp.)] [si是(單2現)],
  [puna再(indecl.)] [geha
m家(中單業格)] [na不] [kahasi作(單2未)];
  [sabb
a一切(陰複主格, a.)] [te你(單屬格)] [phasuka肋骨(陰複主格)] [bhagga破壞(陰複主格, pp.)],
  [gaha家][k
ūtam屋頂(中單主格)] [visavkhitam離一起作(中單主格, pp.)];
  [visa
vkhara離一起作][gatam去到(中單主格, pp.)] [cittam心(中單主格)],
  [ta
nhanam渴愛(陰複屬格)] [khayam滅盡(陽單業格)] [ajjhaga獲得(單3過)].

  作家者!你是已被見者,你將不再作家;你的一切的諸肋骨已被破壞[3]家的屋頂已被停止一起作[4];已去到停止一起作的心[5],獲得諸渴愛[6]的滅盡。


[1] 此兩偈,據《法句註》(DhA)說,是有幸者最初(成道)時所說的。

[2] 生 jati(<[janati生]) f.。(「比丘們!凡是第一心在母的子宮已出現者,第一識已變成明顯;取那個[識]後,那個[生]如此應存在。」(Mahavagga 1.75, V i93))

(「比丘們!但是何者是生?凡是對各色各樣的那些已執著者,在每一個已執著者之類,生是完全生、走入、全面生出、諸蘊的變成明顯、諸處的得到。比丘們!此被叫做生。」S ii3)

[3] 你的一切的諸肋骨已被破壞 DhA:Sabba te phasuka bhaggati tava sabba avasesa kilesaphasuka maya bhagga(你的一切剩餘的煩惱肋已被我破壞)

[4] 家的屋頂已被停止一起作。已被停止一起作:visavkhitam。DhA:Gahakutam visavkhatanti imassa taya katassa attabhavagehassa avijjasavkhatam kannikamandalampi maya viddhamsitam.(這個被你已做的自己的家--所謂的無明--屋頂的椽桷(kannika-mandala支撐屋頂的木條)已被我破壞)。

[5] 停止一起作 visavkhara(vi離+savkhara一起作) m.。他譯:無為。

 savkhara(m一起+kr作) m. 一起作(他譯:行、所作、為作) (Bodhi譯:1. votional formation 2. formation 3. exertion)(BPA譯:conditioned and compounded thing)

(「比丘們!但是何者是諸一起作?比丘們!此等是三一起作:身的一起作、語的一起作、心的一起作。比丘們!此等被叫做諸一起作。」S ii4) (「比丘們!但是諸一起作在何者之中?比丘們!此等是六思的身:一起思形色、一起思聲、一起思香、一起思味、一起思能被觸者、一起思法。比丘們!此等被叫做諸一起作。」S iii60) (「比丘們!但是你們如何說諸一起作?『他們全面一起作已被一起作者』;比丘們!由於它,它們被叫做諸一起作。」(S iii87))

[6] 渴愛 tanha(=[tasina渴愛]) f.。(比丘們!但是何者是渴愛?比丘們! 此等是六渴愛的身:渴愛形色、渴愛聲、渴愛香、渴愛味、渴愛能被觸者、渴愛法。比丘們!此被叫做渴愛。)(S ii3))

၁၅၅။ အစရိတြာ ျဗဟၼစရိယံ၊ အလဒၶါ ေယာဗၺေန ဓနံ။
ဇိဏၰေကာဥၥာ၀ စ်ာယႏၲိ၊ ခီဏမေစၧ၀ ပလႅေလ။

၁၅၆။ အစရိတြာ ျဗဟၼစရိယံ၊ အလဒၶါ ေယာဗၺေန ဓနံ။
ေသႏၲိ စာပါတိခီဏာ၀၊ ပုရာဏာနိ အႏုတၳဳနံ။


၁၅၅။ သူမိုက္တို႔သည္ အ႐ြယ္႐ွိခိုက္ ျမတ္ေသာအက်င့္ကို မက်င့္လိုက္မိ၊ ဥစၥာကိုလည္း မရေသာေၾကာင့္ ငါးကုန္ခန္းေသာညြန္အိုင္၌ အေတာင္ကြၽတ္ေသာ ႀကိဳးၾကာအိုတို႔ကဲ့သို႔ (အရြယ္လြန္ေသာအခါ)ၾကံမႈိင္၍သာ ေနၾက ရကုန္၏။

၁၅၆။ သူမိုက္တို႔သည္ အ႐ြယ္႐ွိခိုက္ ျမတ္ေသာအက်င့္ကို မက်င့္လိုက္မိ၊ ဥစၥာကိုလည္း မရလိုက္မိေသာေၾကာင့္ ေလးမွလြတ္ျပီးေနာက္ အ႐ွိန္ကုန္ေသာျမားတို႔ကဲ့သို႔ ေ႐ွးျဖစ္ေဟာင္း သုခတို႔ကို ညည္းတြားေအာက္ေမ့၍သာ ေနၾကရကုန္၏။

155. Those who have not practiced religious life and have not gained the treasures of life in their youth, are later like long-legged aged herons with loosing feathers standing sad by a lake where there is no fish.

156. Those who have not practiced religious life and have not gained the treasures of life in their youth, are later like worn-out arrows with loosing velocity discharged from a bow, ever moaning over the past (old days happiness).

155 Acaritva brahmacariyam,
  aladdh
a yobbane dhanam,
  ji
nnakoñca va jhayanti,
  kh
inamacche va pallale.

  [Acaritva不行(ger.)] [brahmacariyam梵行(中單業格)],
  [aladdh
a不得(ger.)] [yobbane青春(中單處格)] [dhanam財(中單業格)],
  [ji
nna老化(pp.)][koñca鷺(陽複主格)] [va如] [jhayanti消耗(複3現)],
  {[kh
ina被滅盡(pp.)][macche魚](中單處格, a.)} [va如此] [pallale沼澤(中單處格)].

  不行梵行後,在青春時不得財後,如已老化的諸鷺,如此在魚已被滅盡的沼澤消耗。

156 Acaritva brahmacariyam,
  aladdh
a yobbane dhanam,
  senti c
apatikhina va,
  pur
anani anutthunam.

  [Acaritva不行(ger.)] [brahmacariyam梵行(中單業格)],
  [aladdh
a不得(ger.)] [yobbane青春(中單處格)] [dhanam財(中單業格)],
  [senti臥(複3現)] [c
ap弓][atikhina被過度滅盡(陽複主格, pp.)] [va如],
  [pur
anani以前(中複業格, a.)] [anutthunam隨悲嘆(陽單主格, ppr.)]. (cp. Dh155)

  不行梵行後,在青春時不得財後,如已被過度滅盡的諸弓臥,正在隨悲嘆以前的諸[事]。